形容詞と副詞の役割

まとめ

1) There was a drastic increase in the number of visitors in 2011.

2) The visitor number dramatically increased in 2011.

1) There was a rapid climb in the figure in 1978.

2) The figure rapidly climbed in 1978.

1) The years saw a sharp decline in the amount of spending.

2) The amount of spending sharply declined during the years.

1)  There was a quick rise in the annual income of graduates.

2) The annual income of graduates quickly rose. 

1) The facility underwent a significant improvement in the years.

2) the facility improved significantly in the years. 

1) The united states produced a considerable amount of electricity.  

2) The united states produced electricity considerably.

1) ABC bakery earned substantial profit in 2002. 

2) ABC bakery profited substantially in 2002

moderate【適度な】       

1) There was a moderate increase in values in 2005.

2) The values moderately increased in 2005.

1) Modest reduction in weight can be seen during the period.

2) the average weight reduced modestly during the period. 

1) Japan had gradual progress in the economy.

2) Japan's economy progressed gradually. 

1) Progressive improvement can be seen in the listening and reading skills for students.

2) Students progressively improve their listening and reading skills

1) The chart shows the sequential process of testing and packaging.

2) Testing and packaging stages are done sequentially. 

1) What we expect is a fair increase in gas prices.

2) Theft was fairly common occurrence in this particular city. 

1) There was a steady increase in renting.

2) Renting steadily increased.

1) 1998 saw a continuous decline 

2)  the annual salary declined continuously in 1998

1) The town experienced ceaseless changes during the period  .

2) The town ceaselessly developed to a large city. 

1) The shop experienced a solid growth in sales .

2) The sales  of the shop grew solidly. 

1) The number shows a slight rise in COVID cases .

2) COVID cases dip slightly in May. 

1) These values continue a gentle upward trend.

2) these values continue to rise gently. 

1) The economy had gotten out of four years of negligible growth.

2) After growing negligibly, the economy finally started to increase. 

1) The town experienced slow development during the period.

2) The town developed slowly during the period. 

1) A mild increase in physical activity reduced the risk of chronic disease. 

2) Physical activity increased mildly, which reduced the risk of chronic diseases.

approximate【おおよその・約】                      

1) It has an approximate area of 1000 sq.

2)  The are has approximately 1000 sq. 

1) There was a bus station near the hospital.

2) the hospital has nearly 2000 employees. 

1)  A rough cost estimate is an initial estimate that uses prior experience and other data

2) The cost is estimated roughly based on prior experience and other data. 

1) ー

2) There are more or less 100 people in the room. 

1) Almost the all students got full-time work after their graduation. 

2) ー

1) Around two third of the citizens in Toronto complained about the high price of Rogers wireless network. 

2) ー

1) the export earnings of agricultural products were as high as those of engineer goods 

2) ー

1) As low as 20%of people in Adelaide had the habit of going to cafe for coffee and tea. 

2) ー

1) The weather there is bitterly cold.: 「ここの天気はひどく寒い」

2)  I am bitterly shamed of being ignorant about the cultural difference.:「文化の違いについて知らないことは非常に恥ずかしいことだ」

その他の使用例】bitterly disappointed/ bitterly divided/ bitterly hurt/ bitterly upset/ bitterly hostile

1) I am completely in agreement with this view.:「この意見に絶対的に賛成だ」

2) I am completely lost.:「私は完全に（あなたの言っている事を）見失った」 

その他の使用例】completely alone/ completely different/ completely drained/ completely empty 

1)  The digital communication may deeply affect our relationship building.:「デジタルコミュニケーションは私たちの人間関係の構築に非常に影響を与えるかもしれない」

2)  I am deeply involved in the charitable activity.:「私は慈善事業に深く関わっています」

その他】deeply ashamed/ deeply attached/ deeply disturbed/ deeply moving/ deeply hurt

1) It is entirely different from the reality we face now.:「それは私たちが直面している現実から全くかけ離れている」 

2) His account is not entirely convincing.:「彼の説明は非常に説得力があるわけでない」

その他】entirely new/ entirely obvious/ entirely unconvincing/ entirely beneficial/ entirely clear

1) Tokyo is heavily populated city in the world.:「東京はひどく人口密度の高い都市だ」

2) It rains heavily.:「雨がひどく降っている」

その他】heavily publicized/ heavily criticised/ heavily involved/ heavily polluted/ heavily regulated

1) The university is highly acclaimed.:「その大学は極めて評判が高い」

2) He speaks highly of you.:「彼はあなたのこと高く評価している」 

その他】highly recommended/ highly contagious/ highly controversial/ highly developed 

1) High school students are painfully aware that college is more expensive and competitive.:「高校生は大学は費用がもっと高く、競争の激しい場所であると充分なくらい（ひどく）認識している」 

2) It is painfully obvious that our resources are limited.:「私たちの資源が限られていることは非常に明瞭である」

その他】painfully sensitive/ painfully slow/ painfully cold/ painfully acute

1) Your idea is perfectly acceptable.:「あなたの意見は申し分ない」

2) This chair is perfectly adjustable.:「この椅子は（完全に）調整可能だ」 

その他】perfectly arranged/ perfectly balanced/ perfectly capable/ perfectly appropriate 

1) Tabaco seriously damage our health.:「タバコは私たちの健康に重大な損害を与える」 

2) Businesses are seriously affected by the pandemic.:「このパンデミックによってビジネスは深刻な被害を受けた」 

その他】seriously consider/ seriously influence/ seriously committed/ seriously injured 

2) Foreign students should be totally immersed in the American environment.:「留学生はアメリカの文化に完全に浸るべきだ」 

その他】totally abandoned/ totally destroyed/ totally different/ totally integrated/ totally wasted

2) It is utterly impossible to reconcile his values with those of his successors.:「彼の価値観と後任者の価値観を一致させるのは完全に不可能だ」 

その他】utterly neglected/ utterly dejected/ utterly destroyed/ utterly/ utterly helpless

2) It is an interestingly featured article.:「これは非常に興味深いトピック記事だ」 

その他】interestingly enough/ more interestingly

2) The traffic rule is immediately effective.:「その交通ルールはすぐに効果を発揮する」 

その他】immdiately noticeable/ immediately affected/ immediately damage 

2) Nutrients aren't technically in your body until properly absorbed from your GI tract.:「栄養は消化管から適切に吸収されるまでは、厳密的には体内にはない」 

その他】properly installed/ properly treated/ properly handled/ properly managed

2) Road closures are terribly inconvenient to the user.:「道の閉鎖は使用者には非常に不便だ」

その他】terribly handled/ terribly abused/ terribly unfair/ terribly irresponsible/ terribly wrong 

2) Children are today immensely pressured by their competitive peers.:「今日の子供たちは競争心の強い仲間の間で非常にプレッシャーを感じている」 

その他】immensely pleased/ immensely proud of/ immensely overwhelmed/ immensely valuable

2) It is technically not true.:「それは技術的な観点からは（厳密に言えば）真実ではない」

その他】techinically advanced/ technically possible (impossible) /technically speaking 

significant/ important【重要な・意味のある・大幅な】                    

1) Rice has undergone a significant improvement.:「お米は大幅な改良をしてきた」

2) There are significant changes in the facility.:「その施設には重要な変化がみられる」

その他】signfiicant advances/ significant date/ significant other/ significant results

1) That play was an immense success.:「その劇は素晴らしい成功を遂げた」

2) Some people feel immense despair.:「ある人は計り知れない絶望感を感じる」

その他】immense wealth/ immense amount/ immense show/ immense pressure

1)  The actual price was lower than I had thought.:「実際の価格は私が思っていたよりも安かった」

2)  Actual values depend on many factors.:「実際の価格はたくさんの要因が関与する」 

その他】actual capacity/ actual difference/ actual cause/ actual number/ actual situation

1) He is quite a person.:「彼はなかなかの人です」

2) He has painted quite a few landscapes.:「彼は、風景画をかなりたくさん描きました」

その他】quite a bit/ quite a lot/ quite important/ quite recently/ quite often 

1) The weather doesn't look very promising. : 「空模様が怪しい」

2) He's a promising doctor.:「彼は見込みのある医者だ」

その他】promissing outcomes/ promising future /promising development/ promising situation

1)   Additional research is needed.:「さらなる研究が必要だ」

2)  We need to provide additional details.:「私たちはさらなる詳細を提供する必要がある」 

その他】additional information/ additional features/ additional requirements 

1) You can join Working America without incurring any costs.:「”Working America”という団体に無料で加入することができる」

2)  You are able to manage comfortably without incurring risk of injury.:「けがのリスクを伴わずに快適に運営することできる」

その他】incurring fees/ incurring tax/ incurring damage/ incurring hatred/　incurring loss

1) I missed a previous appointment.:「私は前の予約をすっぽかした」

2) Sales increased compared to the previous year.:「前年と比べてセールスは増加した」 

その他】previous experience/ previous engagement/ previous history/ previous studies 

1) If you want to know further details about our service,  please let me know.:「私たちの提供するサービスについて詳しく知りたい場合はおしらせください」 

2) I have no further questions.:「これ以上の質問はありません」 

その他】 further development/ further progress/ further studies/ further effort 

2) Using Data to stay relevant and competitive in manufacturing.:「製造業との関係を保ち、競争力を維持するためのデーター使用」

その他】relevant experience/ relevant job skills/ relevant measures/ relevant support 

2) Recent development in technology makes our lives easier.:「最近の技術の発展は私たちの生活を快適にしてくれる」 

その他】recent decades/ recent phenomenon/ recent studies/ recent issues/ recent products

2) The recent trend brings unfortunate consequences.:「最近の傾向は不幸な結果をもたらす」

その他】unfortunate circumstances/ unfortunate situation/ unfortunate results/ unfortunate reality/ unfortunate enough 

2) She had an adverse reaction to the medication.:「彼女は薬に副作用を示した」 

その他】adverse effect/ adverse circumstance/ adverse impact/ adverse weather/ adverse events

2) Long-term use of computer has detrimental/ harmful/ damaging effects on the user.:「長時間のパソコンの使用は 害を引き起こす」

その他】harmful conditions/ detrimental relationships/ damaging influence 

2) I cannot assume that others have common sense.:「私は他人が一般常識を持っていると仮定しない」 

その他】common belief/ common habit/ popular trend/ popular idea/ common interests

物事の様子や程度、感情やニュアンスの違いなどを微妙にかつ明確に表現する時に、とても便利な形容詞と副詞。
スピーキング、ライティングで最速にレベルアップできる方法の1つです。

副詞＋形容詞のセット、形容詞と名詞のセットを自分なりにまとめ、ある程度の引き出しを作ることも大事なことです。ライティングのタスク１やタスク2のエッセイでも、スピーキングでもとても大事な要素となりますので、ぜひ意識して使うように心がけ、英語の表現の幅を広げましょう。